Tenses

1. Simple Present-

It is used to denote scientific facts, universal truths and work done on a daily basis.

S+ Main verb + O

Ex. She writes a letter.

2.Present Continuous–

 It is used to express an action taking place at the time of speaking.

S+ to be (am, is, are) + ving + O

Ex. She is writing a letter.

3.Present Perfect–

It is used to show an action that started in the past and has just finished.

S + to have (has, have ) + V3+ O

Ex. She has written a letter.

4.Present Perfect Continuous–

 This tense shows the action which started in 

the past and is still continuing.

S+ to have ( has /have) + been + ving + O

Ex. She has been writing a letter.

5.Simple Past - 

Used to indicate an action completed in the past. It often occurs with adverb of time. Sometimes it is used without an adverb of time.Used for past habits.

Eg. I played football when I was a child.

S+ V2+O

Ex. She wrote a letter.

6.Past continuous tense - 

We generally use the past continuous to talk about actions and states in progress (happening) around a particular time in the past. It can emphasise that the action or state continued for a period of time in the past.

S+ to be ( was, were) + Ving+ O

Ex. She was writing a letter.

7. Past Perfect Tense - 

Used to describe an action completed before a certain moment in the past, usually a long time ago. If two actions happened in the past, past perfect is used to show the action that took place earlier.

e.g. The patient had died before the doctor came.

S+ to have ( had ) + V3+ O

Ex. She had written a letter.

8.Past Perfect Continuous Tense -

Used to denote an action that began before a certain point in the past and continued up to some time in past.

S+ to have ( had ) + been + Ving + O

Ex. She had been writing a letter.

 9. Simple Future tense - 

This tense tells us about an action which has not occurred yet and will occur after saying or in future.

S+ shall/will + Main verb +O

Ex. She will write a letter.

10. Future Continuous Tense - 

It is used to express an ongoing or continued action in future.We use the future continuous to talk about something that will be in progress at or around a time in the future.

S+ to be ( shall be/ will be ) + Ving+ O

Ex. She will be writing a letter.

11. Future Perfect Tense - 

It is used to express an action which will happen/occur in future and will be completed by a certain time in future.We use the future perfect to say that something will be finished by a particular time in the future.

S+ to have ( shall have/ will have ) + V3+ O

Ex. She will have written a letter.

12. Future Perfect Continuous Tense - 

It is used to indicate actions or events that will continue until a point of time in the future.

S+ to have ( shall have / will have ) + been + Ving+ O

Ex. She will have been writing a letter.